When prejudice exists, it means that we are pre-judging, almost always in a negative way, a certain group or one of its members. Prejudice is not only a criterion or belief, but also a behavior that involves feelings such as anguish, contempt and aversion.
Prejudice, principally, is determined by thoughts that are usually the result of how we perceive the world. This is what is called "categorical thoughts", which make it easier to distort perceptions.
On the other hand, stereotypes are generalizations related, for example, to the members of a group. These generalizations can be of a positive nature (women are sensitive). However, in most cases, stereotypes are negative and resist change (Ex. men do not demonstrate their vulnerabilities).
According to studies, as with prejudice, stereotyping is a common and frequent process in cultures around the world. They are something like mental trails and possibly more used when we are distracted or busy. Stereotypes are usually activated when perceiving an image or hearing a word related to a stereotyped group, also leading to changes in the nature of our behaviors.
Discrimination, on the other hand, involves placing members of a group at a disadvantage or treating them unfairly just because they belong to that group. A clear example is racial discrimination. Although many countries have adopted civil rights laws in the last half-century, discrimination is still a serious problem worldwide, even in countries with democracies that openly claim to be in favor of equality.
How can prejudice and discrimination be changed on a personal level?
The current era is characterized by the push for the recognition of human rights. In most cultures, discrimination is seen as an unjustifiable involution. However, we know that there are still clear signs of inequality throughout the world. The law plays a relevant and educational role in society, but it is not enough; for a major change, above all, a strong personal commitment is needed.
Stereotypes are learned at an early age and can be very difficult to change. However, studies show that they can be reduced if people become aware of them and are motivated to eliminate them from their social behavior.
One of the most effective resources is to develop empathy, to put oneself in the place of the person who has been judged, to perceive the world from his or her perspective, valuing the particularities of individuals or groups. Raising awareness on coexistence based on respect stimulates the change of stereotyped dogmas. If the person wishes them, changes are much more possible, especially when there is awareness of his or her belief systems.
Individuals should try to think about themselves and others in a more positive way by identifying similarities and individualities rather than using generalization, anticipations and pre-conceptions.
According to Rogers' humanistic psychology, behavior constitutes the expression of the psyche. Psychology in general has determined that an individual's willingness to consciously affect behavioral changes is an indisputable necessity.
How do people discriminate internally or benefit other groups?
Sometimes prejudices and stereotypes are assumed unconsciously. They become part of the person's ideology and manifest themselves through behaviors that may not be recognized as discriminatory. For example, women who deny or justify partner's discriminating or abusive behaviors.
Regardless of the cause, both stereotypes and prejudices could potentially lead to discrimination.
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